Manuscript Preparation

 

Checklist Before Submission

Before submitting a manuscript to the Journal of Technology Informatics and Engineering (JTIE), authors are required to ensure that the following requirements have been fulfilled:

• Check the Aims and Scope of the Journal of Technology Informatics and Engineering to ensure that the manuscript is relevant to the journal.

• Download and prepare the manuscript using the official Microsoft Word Template.

• Ensure that the manuscript complies with JTIE requirements concerning publication ethics, research ethics, copyright, authorship, data transparency, and responsible use of artificial intelligence.

• Confirm that all listed authors have substantially contributed to the work and have approved the final version of the manuscript.

• Ensure that the manuscript has not been previously published and is not simultaneously submitted to or under consideration by another journal.

• Ensure that all required declarations, including Data Availability, Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies, Author Contributions (CRediT), and other applicable statements, have been completed.

• Check that all citations and references follow the IEEE citation and reference style and that bibliographic metadata are accurate and complete.

• Ensure that all figures, tables, and equations are numbered, explicitly mentioned, and adequately discussed in the manuscript.

Manuscript Preparation

1. General Manuscript Structure

The manuscript should generally contain the following sections:

TITLE, ABSTRACT, KEYWORDS, INTRODUCTION, LITERATURE REVIEW/RELATED WORK, RESEARCH METHOD(S), RESULTS/FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (if applicable), DATA AVAILABILITY, DECLARATION OF GENERATIVE AI AND AI-ASSISTED TECHNOLOGIES, AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS (CRediT), and REFERENCES.

An IMRAD-based structure may also be used where appropriate to the research design, provided that all substantive requirements specified in the official JTIE template are fulfilled.

Authors must prepare their manuscripts strictly according to the official JTIE template. The structure of individual methodological subsections may be adapted according to the nature of the study.

2. General Formatting

The manuscript must be prepared using Times New Roman, 11 pt as the primary font and must maintain consistent formatting throughout the paper. Authors should use continuous academic prose and minimize excessive use of bullet points and numbered lists. Numbering should primarily be reserved for sections, subsections, and sub-subsections. Information containing numerous comparable items should preferably be organized into a table when this improves readability.

As a general rule, each standard paragraph should contain at least four complete and logically connected sentences developing one principal idea. Excessively short or single-sentence paragraphs should be avoided, except where structurally necessary, such as immediately following an equation. The manuscript should contain at least 4,000 words and normally at least 12 pages, with a maximum of 20 pages or approximately 12,000 words, including references.

3. The Title 

The title must be clear, informative, concise, and directly represent the main contribution of the study. The title should not exceed 15 words or four lines and must follow the formatting provided in the JTIE template.

4. Abstract and Keywords

The Abstract and Keywords must be written in English, italicized, and formatted in 10 pt. The abstract must be written as a single paragraph with single spacing and should concisely present the:

• research background/Urgency of the study;

• objective/aims;

• method/Proposed architecture;

• principal findings; and

• implications or contribution.

The abstract must not exceed 250 words and must not contain references or mathematical formulas.

Authors must provide 3–5 keywords or key phrases, arranged alphabetically and representative of the main content of the manuscript.

5. Introduction

The Introduction must clearly establish the scholarly context and rationale of the study. It should include the research background and problem, relevant phenomena or supporting evidence, previous studies, unresolved research gap, novelty or specific contribution, and research objectives.

Previous studies should not merely be summarized. Authors must critically establish how the existing literature relates to the research problem and identify the gap addressed by the present study. The Introduction should conclude by clearly articulating the contribution and significance of the research.

Subheadings within the Introduction are generally not permitted. An exception may be made for manuscripts proposing a new architecture, framework, model, or another substantial methodological contribution where limited subsections are necessary to explain the proposed approach.

6. Literature Review / Related Work

The Literature Review or Related Work section should provide the relevant theoretical basis and critically review previous studies directly related to the research topic. This section should establish the conceptual or empirical foundation of the study and support the justification for conducting the research.

Authors should avoid presenting literature as an isolated list of previous studies. Relevant relationships, similarities, limitations, methodological differences, or research gaps should be identified where appropriate.

Research Method(s)

The Research Method(s) section must provide a clear, systematic, and reproducible description of the research process. Authors must provide sufficient methodological information to allow readers to understand, evaluate, and, where possible, replicate the study. The structure may be adapted according to the research design, and methodological subsections that are not applicable may be omitted or replaced by more appropriate components.

Depending on the type of research, the Method section may include the following components:

1. Research Design

Clearly describe and justify the research approach and design, such as qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods, experimental, survey, case study, simulation, computational, or machine-learning-based research. Studies proposing a new model, framework, architecture, algorithm, or system must clearly distinguish the proposed approach from existing or baseline methods.

2. Population and Sample

For studies involving human participants, organizations, objects, observations, or other sampling units, authors must describe the target population, sampling technique, sample size, inclusion and exclusion criteria where applicable, and the rationale for determining the sample. This subsection may be omitted when population-based sampling is not applicable, including certain computational, simulation, or dataset-based studies.

3. Data Sources and Data Collection

Authors must clearly identify whether the study uses primary, secondary, publicly available, experimental, sensor-generated, institutional, or other forms of data. The manuscript must explain how the data were obtained, including the collection procedure, relevant collection period, instruments or devices, and inclusion or exclusion criteria. For primary research, relevant instruments may include questionnaires, interviews, observation protocols, sensors, laboratory equipment, or other data-acquisition tools.

4. Dataset Description and Preparation

Studies using datasets, particularly those involving Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, Data Mining, Forecasting, or other computational methods, must provide sufficient information about the dataset. At minimum, authors should report where applicable:

Dataset Information	Required Description
Dataset Name and Source	Dataset name, source, and access information
Dataset Type	Public, private, institutional, self-collected, or synthetic
Dataset Size	Number of records, observations, images, samples, or instances
Classes / Features	Classes, labels, features, attributes, or variables
Data Characteristics	Relevant characteristics and distribution
Inclusion / Exclusion Criteria	Criteria applied to select or remove data
Data Quality Handling	Missing values, duplicates, corrupted samples, outliers, or class imbalance
Data Preparation	Cleaning, preprocessing, normalization, augmentation, transformation, or feature engineering
Data Split	Training, validation, and testing strategy and proportions
Leakage Prevention	Procedures preventing data leakage, duplicate leakage, or inappropriate overlap

Public datasets must be appropriately cited. Private or restricted datasets must be sufficiently described without disclosing confidential information. When synthetic or AI-generated data are used, authors must disclose the generation procedure, purpose, proportion of synthetic data, and relevant validation procedures.

5. Variables and Operational Definitions

Authors must identify and define relevant variables, constructs, indicators, features, inputs, outputs, or target variables. 

For empirical studies, provide clear operational definitions and measurement procedures. For computational or machine-learning research, explain the input features, target classes or outputs, feature representations, and any feature-selection or feature-extraction procedures.

6. Measurement Instruments and Validity/Reliability

For research involving questionnaires, scales, assessment instruments, or other measurement tools, authors must explain instrument development or adoption and relevant validity and reliability procedures.

This subsection may be omitted where instrument validity and reliability testing are not applicable.

7. Proposed Method, Model, Algorithm, or System

Studies proposing or evaluating computational methods must adequately explain the architecture, processing pipeline, algorithmic procedure, input-output relationships, and distinctions between the proposed and existing methods.

Relevant experimental configurations should be reported where applicable, including parameters, hyperparameters, optimization methods, learning rate, batch size, number of epochs or iterations, and stopping criteria.

8. Experimental Setup and Implementation

Experimental and computational manuscripts should report relevant implementation information, including software, programming languages, libraries/frameworks, hardware configuration, computing environment, simulation tools, or experimental equipment.

Authors should also explain validation procedures, comparison or baseline methods, experimental repetitions, and reproducibility measures such as random seeds where relevant.

9. Data Analysis and Evaluation

The manuscript must explain the statistical, qualitative, computational, or analytical techniques used to analyze the data.

For computational and machine-learning studies, authors must identify appropriate algorithms, validation strategies, baseline models, and evaluation metrics.

Examples may include accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, RMSE, MAE, MSE, FID, SSIM, or other metrics appropriate to the research problem.

10. Mathematical Equations

Mathematical expressions must be created using the Insert Equation function in Microsoft Word or an equivalent native equation editor. Equations must not be inserted as screenshots or images.

Equations must be numbered sequentially, for example Equation (1), Equation (2), Equation (3), and each equation must be explicitly mentioned and explained in the manuscript.

All variables, parameters, coefficients, operators, and mathematical symbols must be defined upon first appearance. Standard formulas adopted from previous research should be appropriately cited where necessary.

11. Ethical Considerations

Where applicable, authors must describe ethical approval, informed consent, participant confidentiality, privacy protection, and data-security procedures. Research involving personal, sensitive, medical, biometric, or restricted data must explain the relevant privacy and data-protection procedures. Studies using public datasets must comply with applicable licenses, terms of use, and ethical restrictions.

RESULTS / FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

1. Results / Findings

The Results section must present the findings clearly, objectively, and systematically, without unnecessary interpretation. Findings should be aligned with the research objectives, hypotheses, or research questions and should highlight relevant patterns, trends, relationships, comparisons, or statistical outcomes. Narrative explanations should be used together with appropriate tables and figures where necessary. Interpretation and implications should primarily be addressed in the Discussion section.

2. Discussion

The Discussion must provide a critical interpretation of the findings rather than repeating or restating the Results section.

Authors must explain:

• what the findings mean;
• why the observed results may have occurred;
• how the findings address the research objectives or questions;
• how the results compare with relevant previous studies;
• whether the findings support, extend, refine, contradict, or differ from previous research; and
• what theoretical, methodological, or practical implications arise from the findings.

The Discussion must be supported by relevant literature and should identify the contribution of the study to the existing body of knowledge.

Authors must also explicitly acknowledge relevant study limitations and provide realistic recommendations or directions for future research.

Figures, Tables, Equations, and Appendices

Figures

Figures must be numbered consecutively according to their first appearance:

Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc.

Every figure must be explicitly mentioned and discussed in the main text before or immediately after its presentation. Figures must not appear as stand-alone visual elements without explanation or interpretation.

Figures must:

• be center-aligned;
• have a minimum recommended resolution of 300 dpi;
• contain readable labels, symbols, legends, and abbreviations; and
• have a clear caption placed below the figure, centered and bold.

Example:

Figure 1. Architecture of the Proposed Classification Model

The template explicitly requires figures to be integrated into the scholarly narrative rather than used only as illustrations.

Tables

Tables must be numbered consecutively:

Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc.

Every table must be explicitly cited and discussed in the manuscript. Authors should explain the principal information, comparison, trend, or finding contained in each table rather than simply referring readers to it.

Tables must:

• be center-aligned;
• use Times New Roman, 10 pt;
• contain no unnecessary background colors or decorative formatting;
• use simple single-line borders;
• use 0 pt spacing before and after paragraphs; and
• use single spacing within table content.

Each table must contain a clear and informative caption.

Figures, Tables, and Equations in the Narrative

Figures, tables, and equations must never appear as isolated elements.  Every Figure, Table, and Equation must:

• be numbered;
• be explicitly cited in the main text;
• be explained or discussed; and
• appear according to the sequential order of first presentation.

Each visual or mathematical element must contribute directly to the scientific narrative of the manuscript.

APPENDICES

Appendices are permitted only when supplementary material is genuinely necessary for understanding, transparency, or reproducibility but would disrupt the flow of the main manuscript.

Every appendix must be explicitly mentioned and discussed in the main text. Appendices that are not cited in the manuscript or contain unnecessary material may be removed during the editorial process.

Footnotes

Footnotes are not permitted in JTIE manuscripts. Essential explanations or supplementary information should be incorporated into the main text or, where appropriate, provided in an appendix.

CITATION AND REFERENCES

Citation Style

JTIE uses the IEEE citation and reference style.

In-text citations must use sequential numbers in square brackets according to their first appearance, for example:

[1], [2], [3]–[5]

Author-date citation formats are not permitted.

The References section must be arranged according to the order of citation, not alphabetically.

Minimum Reference Requirements

A regular research article must include at least 25 references. At least 80% of the references should consist of articles published in reputable international scientific journals relevant to the manuscript. Books and conference proceedings may be used when academically necessary but should collectively constitute no more than 10% of the references.

For Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR), literature reviews, bibliometric studies, and comparable review-based manuscripts, a minimum of 40 references is required.

Reference Management and Metadata

Authors are required to use reference-management software such as Mendeley Reference Manager or Zotero. Before submission, authors must verify the completeness and accuracy of bibliographic metadata, including:

author name(s), article/document title, publication year, journal/publication title, volume, issue number, page range or article number, publisher where applicable, and DOI or arXiv identifier where available.

Authors must also ensure correct capitalization according to IEEE conventions. Every source included in the References section must be cited in the manuscript, and every in-text citation must have a corresponding reference entry.

Conclusion and Recommendation

The Conclusion should concisely address the research objectives or problems based on the findings without repeating the Results or Discussion. Conclusions must be supported by the evidence generated by the study and should avoid unsupported generalization. Recommendations should be presented in paragraph form rather than as bullet points or numbered lists. Relevant practical recommendations, limitations, and future research directions may be included where appropriate.

Acknowledgement

The Acknowledgement section is optional. Authors may acknowledge individuals, institutions, facilities, or other parties that provided meaningful assistance to the research but do not qualify for authorship. Where appropriate, authors may also identify whether the article originates from a thesis, dissertation, conference paper, or related research project.

Data Availability

A Data Availability Statement is required. Authors must explain whether and how the data supporting the findings can be accessed. For publicly available datasets, authors should provide the repository or dataset name and a persistent identifier such as a DOI where available. For restricted or confidential datasets, authors must state the reason for the limitation. If data sharing is not applicable, this must be explicitly stated.

Examples:

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from [repository/source] at [DOI or persistent identifier].

or

The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

or

Data sharing does not apply to this article because no new datasets were generated or analyzed.

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies

Authors must disclose any use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies during manuscript preparation.

The declaration should identify the AI tool used and briefly explain its purpose, such as:

• language improvement;
• translation;
• coding assistance;
• data processing; or
• other supporting activities.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, citations, and final content of the manuscript.

AI tools must not be listed as authors or co-authors. When AI constitutes the object, method, algorithm, model, or analytical component of the research itself, its use must be described in the Research Method(s) section rather than only in this declaration.

Example:

During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [tool name] for [purpose]. The authors reviewed and edited the generated output and take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.

or

The authors declare that no generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of this manuscript.

Author Contributions (CRediT)

Author contributions must be reported using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy).

Applicable roles include:

Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project Administration, and Funding Acquisition.

Only roles representing actual contributions should be reported. One author may have several roles, and multiple authors may share the same role.

Example:

Author A: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft. Author B: Software, Validation, Data Curation, Visualization. Author C: Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing, Project Administration. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Submission Preparation Checklist

All submissions must meet the following requirements:

• The manuscript is original and free from plagiarism, unauthorized reproduction, and other copyright infringements.
• The manuscript has not been previously published and is not currently submitted to or under consideration by another journal.
• The manuscript is submitted in Microsoft Word (.doc/.docx) format.
• The manuscript has been prepared using the current official JTIE template.
• The manuscript complies with the relevant JTIE Aims and Scope and the selected submission section.
• All required manuscript sections and declarations have been completed.
• All authors have approved the submitted manuscript.
• Figures, tables, and equations are correctly numbered, cited, and discussed in the manuscript.
• All figures meet the required quality and readability standards.
• References follow the IEEE style and satisfy the minimum reference requirements.
• A reference manager, preferably Mendeley Reference Manager or Zotero, has been used to ensure citation consistency.
• Bibliographic metadata and DOI/arXiv information have been checked for completeness and accuracy where available.
• Dataset and experimental information is sufficiently described where applicable.
• The Data Availability Statement has been completed.
• The Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies has been completed.
• The Author Contributions (CRediT) statement has been completed.
• Ethical approval, informed consent, data privacy, and related statements have been provided where applicable.
• Footnotes have not been used.
• The manuscript has been checked for consistency with all technical and formatting requirements specified in the latest JTIE template.

Manuscripts that fail to comply with the journal's technical, formatting, or reporting requirements may be returned to the authors for technical revision before entering the peer-review process.